Progress in application and detection of riboflavin singlet oxygen photochemistry / 中国输血杂志

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses photosensitizers to produce singlet oxygen to kill bacteria, was first discovered by scientists over 100 years ago and has been widely used in clinical treatment. Riboflavin is an endogenous and the most commonly used photosensitizer.A large number of studies have shown that riboflavin can produce singlet oxygen through photodynamic reaction(typeⅡ) after illumination.This method is currently widely used to kill pathogens such as bacteria and viruses in blood, and singlet oxygen is considered to be the key factor in the photodynamic effect.Singlet oxygen can induce cell apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy.At present, there are direct and indirect methods to detect singlet oxygen, but both with some limitations.This paper reviews production mechanism, action mechanism and detection of singlet oxygen produced by riboflavin during photodynamic therapy, which provides a basis for further application of photodynamic therapy in clinical practice and searching for a more suitable detection method for singlet oxygen.

The value of ROX index in evaluating the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in patients with COVID-19 / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To assess the value of the ROX index in evaluating the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in patients with coronavirus infected disease (COVID-19).Methods:This is a retrospective study. The included patients were diagnosed as COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Cancer Center of Union Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from February 15, 2020 to March 15, 2020. All the patients were treated by HFNC. According to whether the patient subsequently received non-invasive positive pressure ventilation or invasive positive pressure ventilation, patients were divided into the HFNC success group and the HFNC failure group. Parameters in the two groups such as basic characteristics, lactic acid, number of chest radiographs, APACHE II, lymphocyte count, baseline respiratory rate, baseline percutaneous oxygen saturation, baseline PaO 2/FiO 2, baseline ROX index, and ROX index after 2, 6 and 12 h HFNC treatment were analyzed with t test, Chi-square test or rank sum test. Results:A total of 57 cases were included in this study. There were no significant differences in sex, age, comorbidities, lactic acid, quadrants of chest radiograph lung infection, APACHE II, lymphocyte count, and baseline respiratory frequency, transcutaneous oxygen saturation, oxygenation index, and ROX index between the HFNC success group and the HFNC faliure group ( P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that ROX index after 2 h HFNC treatment ( OR=0.069), ROX index after 6 h HFNC treatment ( OR=0.194) and ROX index after 12 h HFNC treatment ( OR=0.036) were all protective factors for the therapeutic effect of HFNC treatment in COVID-19 patients. ROC curve showed that there were significant differences in ROX index after 2 h HFNC treatment, ROX index after 6 h HFNC treatment, and ROX index after 12 h HFNC treatment ( P<0.05). In the evaluation index, the area under the ROC curve of the ROX index after 2 h HFNC treatment was 0.838, the sensitivity was 64.5%, and the specificity was 100%. After 6 h HFNC treatment, the area under the ROX index ROC curve was 0.762, the sensitivity was 64.5%, and the specificity was 92.3%. After 12 h HFNC treatment, the ROX index ROC curve area was 0.866, the sensitivity was 67.7%, and the specificity was 100%. Conclusions:The ROX index can be used to evaluate the efficacy of HFNC in COVID-19 patients in a timely, simple and real-time manner.

Remote monitoring of neonatal jaundice in newborns with ABO hemolytic disease / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the feasibility of remote monitoring of neonatal jaundice in newborns with ABO hemolytic disease.@*METHODS@#Forty six neonates of gestational age >35 weeks with ABO hemolytic disease admitted to Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 20th, 2020 to February 29th, 2020 were enrolled in the study (study group). The newborns were followed up at home after discharge, the transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB) levels were measured by parents using the provided device and the results were sent to the doctor by smart phone using the installed APP. Fifty six newborns with ABO hemolytic disease admitted in 2018 who received conventional outpatient follow-up after discharge served as the control group. The demographic characteristics, total serum bilirubin (TSB) level during hospitalization, number of outpatient visit and rate of re-admission due to rebound hyperbilirubinemia were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences between the two groups in gestational age, birth weight, delivery mode, gender, length of the first hospitalization, TSB level before phototherapy and before discharge, and the managements during the first hospitalization (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#The remote follow-up for neonatal jaundice at home can effectively reduce the number of outpatient visits without increasing the risk of readmission and severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia for newborns with ABO hemolytic disease.

Effect of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin on patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: a systematic review / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To systematically review evidence for the effect of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin on treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and further provide advice on the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:Clinical studies of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin in the treatment of SARS were collected from a variety of databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and CBM from November 2002 to March 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias based on the national institute for health and clinical excellence case series quality scale, and systematically evaluated the results.Results:A total of 10 clinical studies, including 212 patients, were eventually included. There were 4 case series studies, 5 case reports and 1 case-control study. Most studies were with low or very low quality. The systematic analysis showed that 107 patients administered convalescent plasma and 16 patients used immunoglobulin during the treatment of SARS. Forty-nine patients were definitely not treated with the above two methods, and the remaining 40 patients were not reported clearly. The treatment of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin could both improve the symptoms and reduce the mortality (12 died), and most SARS patients got better, while 11 SARS patients who did not receive the above therapies died.Conclusions:Convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin were effective on relieving symptoms of SARS patients. However, due to low quality and lacking of control group, convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin should be used with caution to treat COVID-19 patients.

Plantar pressure changes in older people with sarcopenia / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is an inevitable disease in the progression of aging society. Decrease of muscle strength and joint flexibility and variation in foot structure and function can cause the change of gait characteristics of the elderly to varying degrees. Therefore, by comparing the plantar pressure data of elderly patients with sarcopenia and healthy elderly people, It Is helpful to provide accurate evaluation indexes for clinical prediction of fall risks in elderly patients with sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE: To Investigate the changes of plantar pressure In elderly patients with sarcopenia. METHODS: The plantar pressure data of elderly patients with sarcopenia (experimental group) and elderly people without sarcopenia (control group) were collected by Footscan 2.0 plantar pressure test system. The step length, step speed, touchdown time, plantar zone pressure, plantar pressure center trajectory were compared and analyzed. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The step length and speed of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The touchdown time in the experimental group was higher than that In the control group. Significant differences between the two groups were found in the changes of plantar pressure in toes 2-5, metatarsal 3, mid foot, metatarsal 4, and metatarsal 5 of the left foot as well as In the changes of plantar pressure In toes 2-5, metatarsal 3, metatarsal 4, and metatarsal 5 of the right foot. The total length of the plantar pressure center trajectory and the short-and long-axis length of the ellipse In the left and right feet were significantly different between the experimental and control groups. These findings Indicate that elderly patients with sarcopenia have lower walking and balance control abilities as well as worse gait symmetry as compared with healthy controls.

Relationship between hs - CRP and the etiology of children with hand - foot - and - mouth disease / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the relationship between hs - CRP and the etiology of children with hand- foot - and - mouth disease(HFMD). Methods A total of 1156 laboratory - confirmed children diagnosed with HFMD by pathogenic detection(detection methods include EV71 - CA16 IgM antibody detection and universal real -time fluorescent quantitative RT - PCR detection of enterovirus nucleic acid EV71/ CA16/ EV) in the Children′s Hospital of Hangzhou were involved in the research from September 2014 to July 2016. The hs - CRP levels in the early days(≤5 days) were recorded,and all data were analyzed with SPSS16. 0. Results Of all the 1156 cases,there were 642 cases with hs - CRP level more than 10mg/ dL,of whom 37 cases were infected by EV71(5. 8％ ),552 cases were infected by EV(86. 0％ ),53 cases were infected by CA16(8. 2％ ). In 514 cases with hs - CRP level less than 10mg/ dL,of whom 298 cases were infected by EV71(58. 0％ ),152 cases were infected by EV(29. 6％ ),64 cases were infected by CA16(12.4％). Of cases with hs - CRP >10mg/ dL,EV universal type got a significantly higher rate,with statistically significant difference(P < 0. 05). Of cases with hs - CRP < 10mg/ dL,EV71 got a significantly higher rate,with statistically significant difference(P < 0. 05). Conclusion The higher the hs - CRP level of the HFMD,the higher infection rate of EV. The lower the hs - CRP level of the HFMD,the higher infection rate of EV71.

ATP release mechanism from the supporting cells in the Kölliker organ in vitro in the cochlea of newborn rat / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The specific mechanism underlying in the Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release from the Kölliker's organ is still unknown. The present study was designed to investigate whether the supporting cells in the Kölliker organ in vitro release ATP and to explore the mechanism of ATP releasing from these cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Supporting cells in the Kölliker organ from P1 rats were isolated, purified and cultured with a combinatorial approach of enzymatic digestion and mechanical separation. Quinacrine staining was used to observe the cochlear membranous labyrinth and supporting cells. the bioluminescence assay was chosen to explore the release ATP from supporting cells in the Kölliker organ, when the ATP metabolism of the cells was influenced, the intracellular or extracellular Ca(2)+ concentration changed, the hemichannels blocked, and the phospholipase signaling pathways inhibited.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were intensely numerous star-like green spots of quinacrine staining in the cytoplasm of supporting cells. There was a strong log-linear relationship in the ATP standard curve generated by the bioluminescence assay. With increasing concentrations of bafilomycin A1, the ATP concentration in the culture medium of the supporting cells in the Kölliker organ decreased, while with adipic acid didecyl, it increased. In a certain concentration range, with increasing extracellular Ca(2)+ concentration, the supporting cells in the Kölliker organ releasing ATP decreased, while the intracellular Ca(2)+ concentration increased, the results showed the elevation of the amount of ATP release. Adding chelerythrine chloride or aristolochid acid into the culture medium of the supporting cells in the Kölliker organ could decrease the ATP release significantly via inhibiting the hemichannels. In addition, by reducing intracellular Ca(2)+ concentration, inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways phospholipase also decreased ATP release.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study demonstrated the presence and release of ATP from the supporting cells cultured in vitro. It showed that the changes of the intracellular and extracellular Ca(2)+ concentration could affect on the ATP release from the supporting cells in the Kölliker organ by regulating the hemichannels openings.</p>

The study on the proliferation and the apoptosis factors in vitro of Kölliker organ supporting cells in the cochlea of newborn rat / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the apoptosis/proliferation of Kölliker organ supporting cells and to understand the prompting apoptosis factors in vivo in the supporting cells in the Kölliker organ by changing the environment of the cultured supporting cells in the Kliker organ in vitro, via the separation, culture and purification of the supporting cells in the K6lliker organ.@*METHOD@#A combinatorial approach of enzymatic digestion and mechanical separation was employed to isolate and culture in vitro pure Kölliker organ supporting cells. The purity was tested by flow cytometry assay. And K6lliker organ supporting cells were harvested to detect the rate and cycle of apoptosis by flow cytometry after Annexin V/PI staining, to test the cell growth curve by MTT assay, and to observe the differential expressions of the Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 through the Realtime PCR and Western blot. The calcium, potassium and glutamate concentrations in the culture medium of these cells in vitro were changed to detect the survival rate of cells by MTT assay.@*RESULT@#The purity of K6lliker organ supporting cells by flow cytometry assay was 96. 56%. And these cells showed no significant difference in apoptosis, but an evident linear growth. The results of Realtime PCR and Western blot showed that the expression of Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 mRNA and protein in all different time points kept stable. Furthermore, the elevation of extracellular Ca2+ might contribute to decrease the cell viability of supporting cells. And K+ participated regulation of cell viability in a concentration-depending way. However, glutamate appeared to be a protective factor in high concentration.@*CONCLUSION@#There is no significant apoptosis in vitro of the supporting cells in the Kölliker organ of rats, showing a linear growth. The Ca2+ in high concentration might contribute to the apoptosis factor of these cells. However, the K+ and glutamate appear to be protective factors in high concentration.

Quality Control of Shuangshengen Capsules / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a quality control method for Shuangshengen capsules ( Salvia miltiorrhiza, Panax ginseng and Radix pueraria) . Methods:TLC was performed to identify Salvia miltiorrhiza, Panax ginseng and Radix pueraria. HPLC was used to determine the contents of puerarin and ginsenoside Rg1 . Results:The spots obtained from the test solutions had the same color as the reference solution at the same position. The spots on the TLC plates were clear without any interference. The calibration curve was line-ar within the range of 14. 42-115. 36 ng for puerarin, and the average recovery was 99. 94%(RSD=0. 13%, n=5). The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0. 1-0. 8 μg for ginsenoside Rg1, and the average recovery was 99. 85%(RSD=0. 42%,n=5). Conclusion:The method is reliable, simple and reproducible, and suitable for the quality control of Shuangshengen capsules.

Study on apoptosis of SMMC-7721 hepatocarcinoma cells induced by Oxytropis falcata and its preliminary mechanism / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine apoptosis of SMMC-7721 hepatocarcinoma cells induced by total flavonoids of Oxytropis falcata (TFOF) and its preliminary mechanism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SMMC-7721 cells were treated for 24 h with TFOF in different concentrations. Inhibition on proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells was assessed by MTT assay. The morphology of treated SMMC-7721 cells was observed by optical microscope. Effect of TFOF on the nuclear morphology of cells was analyzed using Hoechst 33258 staining by fluorescence microscope. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometric measurement were used for investigating the effect of TFOF on induction of apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells and cell cycle analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The results of MTT assay showed that TFOF could induce cytotoxicity in SMMC-7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Hoechst 33258 staining analysis indicated that TFOF caused typical characteristics of apoptotic programmed cell death, such as cell shrinkage, apoptotic body formation etc. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that TFOF caused a dose-dependent apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells and arrested cell cycle in G1 phase.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It suggested that TFOF inhibit proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells by inducing apoptosis of the cells and arresting cell cycle in G1 phase.</p>

Influences of Oxytropis falcata on proliferation of SMMC-7721 hepatocarcinoma cells and expression of MMP-2 / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influences of extracts of Oxytropis falcata on proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells and expression of MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SMMC-7721 cells were treated for 24 h with five fractions obtained from 0. falcata in different concentrations. Inhibition on proliferation of the SMMC-7721 cells was assessed by MT method. Secretion of MMP-2 was measured by ELISA in the supernatant of SMMC-7721 cells treated with fractions of essential oil and total flavonoids for 24 h. Transcription of mRNA of MMP-2 was detected by Real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In MT assay, essential oil and total flavonoids showed potential antiproliferative activity on SMMC-7721 in a concentration dependent manner. Data of ELISA showed that fraction of essential oil suppressed secretion of MMP-2 significantly. Results of Real-time PCR indicated that both essential oil and total flavonoids restrained expression of mRNA of MMP-2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It suggested that essential oil and total flavonoids of O. falcata inhibit proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells through down-regulating secretion and expression of MMP-2 in cells. However, further experiments are necessary to carry out to investigate the potential mechanism.</p>

Neurotoxicity of quinolinic acid to spiral ganglion cells in rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Our study investigated the neurotoxicity of quinolinic acid (QA) to spiral ganglion cells (SGCs), observed the protective effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 and magnesium ions on the QA-induced injury to SGCs, and analyzed the role of QA in otitis media with effusion (OME)-induced sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). After culture in vitro for 72 h, SGCs were exposed to different media and divided into 4 groups: the blank control group, the QA injury group, the MK-801 treatment group, and the MgCl(2) protection group. The apoptosis rate of SGCs was analyzed by Annexin V and PI double staining under the fluorescence microscopy 24 h later. SGCs were cultured in vitro for 72 h and divided into four groups: the low concentration QA group, the high concentration QA group, the MK-801 group, the MgCl(2) group. The transient changes of intracellular calcium concentration were observed by the laser scanning confocal microscopy. Apoptosis rate in QA injury group was higher than that in blank control group and MgCl(2) protection group (both P0.05). In high concentration QA group, there was an obvious increase of the intracellular calcium concentration in SGCs, which didn't present in low concentration QA group. In MgCl(2) group, the peak values of the intracellular calcium concentration in SGCs were reduced and the duration was shortened, but the intracellular calcium concentration in SGCs had no significant change in MK-801 group. It was concluded that QA could injure SGCs by excessively activating NMDA receptors on the cell membrane, which might be the mechanism by which OME induced SNHL, while Mg(2+) could protect the SCGs from the neurotoxicity of QA.